The European Union and the Future of Bottom Trawling in the Mediterranean
In recent years, the management of marine resources has become a strategic priority for the European Union. In this context, bottom trawling has become a focal point of debate among institutions, the scientific community, and industry operators.
The goal is to achieve Good Environmental Status of marine waters by 2030, in line with the European Green Deal.1
The Mediterranean Sea represents a crucial testing ground, as it is one of the most heavily exploited seas in the world.
The Mediterranean and the European Union’s Objectives
Bottom trawling is among the most impactful fishing practices in the Mediterranean, causing:
- damage to seabeds
- reduction of biodiversity
- capture of juvenile species
In 2026, the EU proposed significant reductions in fishing effort in the Mediterranean, up to 64% for bottom trawling and around 25% for longlining, accompanied by catch limits and conservation measures for several species.
The European Commission has defined a Marine Action Plan with measures aimed at reducing the environmental impact of fishing:2
- progressive ban on bottom trawling in 30% of EU seas by 2030
- strengthening of marine protected areas
- protection of spawning grounds
- reduction of seabed impact
Italy’s Position
Italy has expressed strong criticism of the European measures. Associations such as Legacoop Agroalimentare highlight:3
- reduction in fishing days
- risk of closure for many businesses
- impact on the fisheries supply chain
The sector is calling for a more gradual approach and economic support measures.
Economic and Market Impact
Restrictions affect both the production system and the market, creating widespread challenges across the entire supply chain. Fishing companies face reduced activity, with repercussions for related sectors such as processing, shipbuilding, and suppliers, and a consequent increase in employment risk.
At the same time, these dynamics influence the market and consumption patterns: there is growing dependence on imports, reduced availability of local fish, and a gradual expansion of aquaculture as a response to the decline in traditional supply.4
Alternatives and Sustainability
The transition involves:
- selective fishing techniques
- innovation in equipment
- support for small-scale fisheries
A positive example is the Pomo Pit (Jabuka/Pomo Pit), where the establishment of a restricted fishing area has led to the recovery of fish stocks and marine biodiversity, with beneficial effects also on catches and, consequently, on fishing activities.5
Conclusions
The future of bottom trawling will be increasingly linked to sustainability and innovation, in line with the objectives of the European Union and the Common Fisheries Policy.
The real challenge will be finding a balance between environmental protection and economic sustainability, avoiding irreversible consequences for both marine ecosystems and the production and employment fabric linked to the fishing sector. In this context, innovation, business support, and balanced policies will play a decisive role in shaping the future of the industry.
Notes
1) https://oceans-and-fisheries.ec.europa.eu/european-ocean-pact_en
2) https://www.eurofuni.com/en/ropes-product-eurofuni/industrial-fishing/
4) https://www.pesceinrete.com/western-mediterranean-fishing-opportunities/